在贴现现金流 (DCF) 估值技术中,股票的价值是根据某种现金流指标的现值来估计的。权益自由现金流 (FCFE) 通常被描述为股权持有人在向债务持有人付款后以及允许维持公司资产基础的支出后可用的现金流。
内在股票价值(估值摘要)
| 年 | 价值 | FCFEt 或终端值 (TVt) | 计算 | 现值 20.23% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | FCFE0 | 1,192,451 | ||
| 1 | FCFE1 | 1,440,397 | = 1,192,451 × (1 + 20.79%) | 1,198,076 |
| 2 | FCFE2 | 1,709,807 | = 1,440,397 × (1 + 18.70%) | 1,182,909 |
| 3 | FCFE3 | 1,993,889 | = 1,709,807 × (1 + 16.61%) | 1,147,380 |
| 4 | FCFE4 | 2,283,516 | = 1,993,889 × (1 + 14.53%) | 1,092,981 |
| 5 | FCFE5 | 2,567,510 | = 2,283,516 × (1 + 12.44%) | 1,022,169 |
| 5 | 终端价值 (TV5) | 37,061,981 | = 2,567,510 × (1 + 12.44%) ÷ (20.23% – 12.44%) | 14,754,997 |
| 普通股 SDI 内在价值 | 20,398,511 | |||
| SDI普通股的内在价值(每股) | $116.18 | |||
| 当前股价 | $98.04 | |||
根据报告: 10-K (报告日期: 2021-12-31).
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免責聲明!
估值基于标准假设。可能存在与股票价值相关的特定因素,此处省略。在这种情况下,实际股票价值可能与估计值有很大差异。如果您想在投资决策过程中使用估计的内在股票价值,请自行承担风险。
所需回报率 (r)
| 假设 | ||
| 长期国债综合回报率1 | RF | 4.76% |
| 市场投资组合的预期回报率2 | E(RM) | 15.13% |
| 普通股 SDI 系统性风险 | βSTLD | 1.49 |
| SDI普通股的回报率要求3 | rSTLD | 20.23% |
1 在不到10年的时间内,所有未偿还的固定息票美国国债的未加权平均买入收益率,既未到期也不可赎回(无风险收益率代理)。
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3 rSTLD = RF + βSTLD [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.76% + 1.49 [15.13% – 4.76%]
= 20.23%
FCFE增长率 (g)
根据报告: 10-K (报告日期: 2021-12-31), 10-K (报告日期: 2020-12-31), 10-K (报告日期: 2019-12-31), 10-K (报告日期: 2018-12-31), 10-K (报告日期: 2017-12-31).
2021 计算
1 留存率 = (归属于Steel Dynamics, Inc.的净利润 – 宣派股利) ÷ 归属于Steel Dynamics, Inc.的净利润
= (3,214,066 – 210,939) ÷ 3,214,066
= 0.93
2 利润率 = 100 × 归属于Steel Dynamics, Inc.的净利润 ÷ 净销售额
= 100 × 3,214,066 ÷ 18,408,850
= 17.46%
3 资产周转率 = 净销售额 ÷ 总资产
= 18,408,850 ÷ 12,531,234
= 1.47
4 财务杠杆率 = 总资产 ÷ Total Steel Dynamics, Inc. 股权
= 12,531,234 ÷ 6,304,641
= 1.99
5 g = 留存率 × 利润率 × 资产周转率 × 财务杠杆率
= 0.78 × 9.75% × 1.34 × 2.03
= 20.79%
单阶段模型隐含的FCFE增长率(g)
g = 100 × (股票市值0 × r – FCFE0) ÷ (股票市值0 + FCFE0)
= 100 × (17,213,021 × 20.23% – 1,192,451) ÷ (17,213,021 + 1,192,451)
= 12.44%
哪里:
股票市值0 = SDI普通股的当前市值 (以千美元计)
FCFE0 = 去年SDI自由现金流与股本之比 (以千美元计)
r = SDI普通股的回报率要求
| 年 | 价值 | gt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | g1 | 20.79% |
| 2 | g2 | 18.70% |
| 3 | g3 | 16.61% |
| 4 | g4 | 14.53% |
| 5 及以后 | g5 | 12.44% |
哪里:
g1 由PRAT模型暗示
g5 由单阶段模型暗示
g2, g3 和 g4 使用 g1 和 g5
计算
g2 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 20.79% + (12.44% – 20.79%) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 18.70%
g3 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 20.79% + (12.44% – 20.79%) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 16.61%
g4 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 20.79% + (12.44% – 20.79%) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= 14.53%